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AN AID TO THE 

Woman Voter 

IN MISSOURI 


Mary E. Bulkley 


i 


ENDORSED BY 

Missouri Federation of Women’s Clubs 
Women’s Christian Temperance Union 
Missouri Women’s Council of Defence 
The Lady Maccabees 
P. E. O. 

Missouri Equal Suffrage Association 
St. Louis Equal Suffrage League 
St. Louis Business Women’s 
Suffrage League 




AN AID TO THE 


WOMAN VOTER 

OF MISSOURI 


Mary E . Bulkley 

n 





6 

> i ) 




1918 







©Cl. A 5 1.28 4 9 

FE ' j 28 191 a 


\ 







/W^) 


Table of Contents 


Page 

1. Preface by Dr. Anna Howard Shaw_ 4 

2. Introduction _ 5 

3. Chapter One. Political Parties and Machinery_ 7 

Uses of Ballot. Party Committees. Party Conven¬ 
tions. Process of Voting. Primaries. Elections. 
Challengers. Watchers. Chart of Party Government. 

4. Chapter Two. County and Township Organization_ 13 

(For the Rural Voter.) Political Divisions of Mis¬ 
souri. Township Organization. County Government. 

School Organization. 

5. Chapter Three. State Government_ 19 

(For Rural and City Voters.) Chart of State Govern¬ 
ment. The State Constitution. State Legislature. 
Legislative Committees. How Laws Are Made. The 
Initiative. The Referendum. Administrative Branch. 

Duties of Governor. State Boards. Executive Of¬ 
ficers. Judicial Branch. 

6. Chapter Four. Federal Government_ 27 

(For Rural and City Voters.) Chart of Federal 
Government. Divisions of Federal Government. Map 
of Congressional Districts. Legislative. Executive. 
National Nominating Convention. Presidential Term. 
Vice-President. Powers of the President. Cabinet. 
Judicial Branch. U. S. Supreme Court. 

7. Chapter Five. General Remarks on City Government- 35 

Population of Eleven Cities 1916. Classification of 
Cities. 

8. Chapter Six. The City of St. Louis. Chart of St. 

Louis Government- 37 

9. Chapter Seven. Kansas City- 49 

10. Chapter Eight. The City of St. Joseph- 53 

11. Chapter Nine. The City of Springfield- 57 

12. Chapter Ten. The City of Joplin- 61 












Preface 


The triumph of right over might and of democracy 
over autocracy cannot bring lasting peace to mankind 
unless the essential part of democracy is recognized; that 
all are equally interested in their social and political life, 
and that all have a right to a voice in the Government and 
in the conduct of their affairs. 

In order that this voice may become effective, it is the 
duty of every citizen to acquire a knowledge of the 
machinery as well as the underlying principles of Gov¬ 
ernment. 

Democracy means more than the right of citizens to 
participate in Government. It signifies intelligence and 
order, law as well as freedom. Law and liberty are as 
inseparable as are the soul and body, and neither can 
reach its highest realization in life without the other. 

To aid in acquiring the knowledge essential to the 
direction of public affairs is the purpose of this manual. 

(Signed) Anna Howard Shaw. 


Introduction 


In the Missouri Red Book for 1917, it is stated that 
there are in the state over one and one-half millions of 
women. Of these about one million are eighteen years 
and over. Most of these will be, when Missouri en¬ 
franchises her women, eligible to the vote. Of these al¬ 
most one-quarter million are breadwinners, and none of 
them can have any public or effective voice as to con¬ 
ditions in her home, school, factory, office or shop, with¬ 
out the vote. 

Unless something at present unforeseen intervenes, 
the enjoyment of the privileges and solemn responsibili¬ 
ties of real citizenship will soon be theirs, and many 
women are inquiring where they may obtain the infor¬ 
mation they know is necessary to have before they can 
use their vote intelligently. 

The hope that they may find here the answers to their 
questions is the reason for this booklet. The author begs 
especially that the chart showing the working of party 
machinery be carefully studied by all who wish to have 
their vote effective in addition merely to having a vote. 

Thanks are due the St. Louis Public Library Board for 
permission to copy the municipal chart, to Prof. Isidor 
Loeb of the University of Missouri, to Mrs. Jules Rosen- 
berger of Kansas City, to Mrs. W. K. James of St. Jo¬ 
seph, Mrs. Ralph Putnam of Joplin, Mrs. E. M. Shepard 
of Springfield, Mr. and Mrs. E. M. Grossman, Lucille B. 
Lowenstein and Miss E. Bobb of St. Louis for their 
generous interest and assistance. 

While the book is intended primarily for the woman 
voter it is the author’s modest hope that even men may 
find the information of some worth to them. 

November, 1918. 



CHAPTER I. 

Political Parties and Machinery. 

Why I am interested in the ballot. 

Because the ballot is the only efficient way in which 
public opinion may be expressed. 

Because I am*a member of the community and am af¬ 
fected by its conditions in my home, farm, office or work¬ 
shop, whether I work, play or travel. 

Whether I pay tax bills or not, as a consumer, I pay 
indirect taxes for the support of my government. 

As part of the community, I am responsible for its at¬ 
titude and actions, and it is therefore my duty, as well 
as my privilege, to inform myself so that I may express 
myself intelligently upon public questions. In other 
words, I must learn, when speaking of the government, 
to say “we,” never “they.” 

Political Parties. 

First, I must learn to understand the workings of the 
machinery by which my vote (which is the expression 
of my opinion) is registered. To do this, I must learn 
something of the principles and methods of the political 
parties. 

Political parties are not recognized by the Constitu¬ 
tion of the United States. Party divisions, however, soon 
arose after the adoption of the Constitution. Usually 
there are two great parties, frequently three. These 
parties are the result of differences in opinion over cer¬ 
tain principles and methods, such as whether taxes are 
to be for the purpose of raising revenue or whether they 
shall, in addition, encourage or “protect” certain indus¬ 
tries by discouraging foreign importations; whether the 
authority of the Federal Government or of individual 

i 


7 


8 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


states is to be paramount. The changing conditions of 
life and industry continually bring new alignments. 

Political parties are not referred to in most state con¬ 
stitutions. Their machinery is frequently “extra-legal” 
or “extra-constitutional,” i. e., adopted as generally help¬ 
ful to the conduct of political affairs, although not legally 
authorized. 

A political party must do two things: Express the 
views and formulate the principles of those groups who, 
because they think alike, form a certain party. The 
party is also supposed to pledge to the public the faith¬ 
ful observance of these principles. The party must main¬ 
tain as complete an organization as possible. It is charged 
with the conduct of campaigns and the raising of party 
funds. The party committees are now legally obliged to 
make public the sources and expenditures of these funds. 

Party Committees. 

The management of party affairs is in the hands of 
committees. They are in practical conduct of the cam¬ 
paigns, and there are as many different committees in 
the same party as there are territorial divisions, viz.: 
National, State, District (Congressional, Senatorial and 
Judicial), County, City and Ward. 

The National Committee acts for the states in national 
campaigns. It is composed of one member from each 
state, chosen at the State Convention preceding the na¬ 
tional election. 

The State Committee is chosen by the Congressional 
District Committeemen, two from each District. 

The Congressional District Committeemen are chosen 
by the County Committee and the City Committee of any 
city lying within the Congressional District, the Chair¬ 
man of the County Committee becoming by virtue of his 
office a member of the Congressional, Senatorial and 
Judicial Committees of the District in which his County, 
or City Ward, is a part. 


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Chairman of Citv or County Thls chairman by virtue of his office be- 

' comes a member of the district committees 

Uentral oommittee i. e. judicial, senatorial and congressional. 


























Political Parties 


9 


When a Congressional District consists wholly of one 
county, the members of that County Committee or the 
members of such City Committees (if the Congressional 
District should lie within certain city wards) shall con¬ 
stitute the Congressional Committee of that District. 
The County and City Committees are chosen at the 
Primaries by the voters writing in the name of 
anyone they choose in a blank space left on the ticket 
of their party for that purpose. Each ward elects one 
committeeman, each rural township elects one. In all 
counties two names may be written in at the discretion 
of the County Committee. 

These committees have power to fill vacancies occur¬ 
ring on the tickets. 

The State Committee of any political party may call a 
convention of delegates, selected as it may prescribe, for 
nominating presidential electors and for electing dele¬ 
gates to national conventions and members of national 
committees. 

Party Conventions. 

The National Convention will be treated of in the ar¬ 
ticle on the Federal Government. The State Convention 
is as follows: On the second Tuesday of September at 
Jefferson City, the newly chosen State Committee meets 
and elects a Chairman, Secretary and Treasurer. Being 
thus organized, it holds a meeting with the newly chosen 
candidates for state offices; and the committee and the 
candidates formulate a State Platform which they are 
obliged to make public the next day. 

Process of Voting. 

For convenience every county and city is divided into 
election districts, each with its separate polling or voting 
place. These are called precincts and are supposed to 
contain about four hundred voters. 

Elections are in charge of officials called Judges and 


10 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


Clerks. In the cities of St. Louis and Kansas City, where 
there is a Board of Election Commissioners, these of¬ 
ficials are appointed by them. In the rural districts and 
in other towns and cities they are appointed by the 
County Court. In St. Louis, by the law, they must be 
men “of good repute and character, able to read and 
write English’' and must live or do business in the pre¬ 
cinct of which they have charge. 

Registration. 

Registration is done on a certain fixed date before the 
Primary Elections. This date is announced in the news¬ 
papers. It is necessary in Missouri only in those cities 
with population over twenty-five thousand—St. Louis, 
Kansas City, St. Joseph, Joplin and Springfield. 

To register it is first necessary to find in which of the 
wards and precincts, if in a city, the intending voter 
lives. 

The voter must have resided in the state for at least 
one year immediately preceding the election, and in the 
county, city or town at least sixty days preceding. 

To register is for the voter to inscribe her name and 
address, etc., in a book provided for that purpose, called 
a Poll or Registration Book. The purpose of this regis¬ 
tration is to insure that only duly qualified persons shall 
vote. 

Primaries. 

Missouri has what is known as the Direct Primary. 
A primary of this kind is really a preliminary election to 
determine from among the various party candidates who 
have presented petitions to be so considered, who shall 
be the party’s choice to represent it as its candidate, at 
the coming election. 

The primaries for all National, State, District and 
County offices are held on the first Tuesday of August, 
preceding the November election. For municipal offices 


Political Parties 


11 


they are held in March, four weeks before the City and 
School elections. 


To Vote at a Primary. 

The voter goes to the polling place, gives her name 
and address to those in attendance and is identified as 
having properly registered when registration is required. 
She asks for the ballot of her chosen party, and it is 
given her unless her vote is “challenged,” that is, unless 
she is required to prove she has fulfilled all the require¬ 
ments as to party affiliation and length of residence. The 
ticket is marked with the judge’s initials. The voter 
goes into a private booth to prepare her ticket. When 
prepared it is given to the judges and is marked by them 
with its number, and the name of the voter must be 
audibly announced by them. The ballot is written in the 
Poll Book with its number affixed. The ballots are pre¬ 
pared by the County Clerk, except in St. Louis and Kan¬ 
sas City, where they are prepared by the Board of Elec¬ 
tion Commissioners. 


Challengers. 

Challengers are representatives of the two parties 
casting the greatest number of votes at the preceding 
election. Each challenger sits near the judges and has 
a right to complain if he believes the votes are being ir¬ 
regularly cast. At the counting of the votes each of the 
parties has a right to two watchers of the count. 

Canvassing or Counting the Votes. 

The votes for the different party candidates being 
counted by the sworn judges and clerks, the candidate 
receiving the highest number of votes in each party is 
declared the nominee or candidate of that party for the 
office to be filled. 


12 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


Remarks on the Primary. 

The direct primary was promoted by those who recog¬ 
nized the evils inherent in the old system of nominating 
candidates by party conventions and was expected by all 
to be a great improvement upon the old way. It is now 
generally recognized that it, itself, is a failure. Un¬ 
doubtedly it will, in turn, be replaced by some improved 
method. The most promising method which is now 
claiming attention is that of “Nomination by Petition 
with Proportional Representation.” This will do away 
with the primary altogether. Information about this 
method may be obtained by applying to the “Propor¬ 
tional Representation League,” Philadelphia, Pa., for 
leaflet No. 5, price 5 cents. 

Elections. 

The election is then held after the campaign which 
follows the primary. 

Elections like the primaries are in charge of judges 
and clerks, and follow the same general methods. At 
elections the voter is given the ballots of all the different 
parties and in the private booth has the privilege not 
only of scratching out the names of candidates displeas¬ 
ing to her, but also of writing in the names of any can¬ 
didates for the same office appearing on any of the other 
tickets. 

Polls open at six in the morning and close at seven in 
the evening in the cities. In the rural districts there is 
the proviso “that should the sun set after seven” they 
shall remain open until sunset. At the close of the 
election the votes are counted by the judges and clerks, 
who make an official list of the number of votes each 
candidate receives. 

The results from the different polling places are added 
together at a central place, and the candidate receiving 
the highest number of votes is declared elected. 


CHAPTER II. 

County and Township Organization. 

(For the Rural Voter.)* 

My State of Missouri is one of the equal and sovereign 
states which make up this nation. 

It became a state in 1820 and is divided into one hun¬ 
dred and fourteen counties and the City of St. Louis. 

The capital is the City of Jefferson and the five largest 
cities are St. Louis, Kansas City, St. Joseph, Joplin and 
Springfield. 

Township Organization. 

The township in which I live is either 

(1) Municipal or 

(2) Incorporated. 

(Note:—Strike out the one which does not describe 
yours.) 

A municipal township has its officers as part of the 
county government. It can have no matters of its own 
to attend to, nor own any buildings or property. Most 
townships in Missouri are of this description. If it is 
municipal, I may vote for two justices of the peace, elected 
for four years, and a constable at least for two. 

These offices are filled by: 

Justice _ 

Justice _ 

Constable _ 

The incorporated township has a right to hold property 
and make contracts. It also has power relating to its 
roadways, etc. It has more officers than the municipal 

* In order that this booklet may not become out of date and also to en¬ 
courage the student to ask questions, blanks are left to be filled with names 
of present incumbents in offices. 


13 





14 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


township, for in addition to the two justices of the peace 
and the constable it has a Township Trustee and a Board 
of Directors, a Clerk and a Town Collector, all elected 
for two years. 

These officers are: 

Township Trustee _ 

Board of Directors Member_ 

Board of Directors Member_ 

Clerk_ 

Assessor__ 

Justice of the Peace_ 

Justice of the Peace_ 

Constable _ 


County Government . 

The county is a political division created by the state 
to administer certain local affairs. 

My county is_ 

The county seat is_ 

The public authority for my county is the county 
court, composed of three elected members called judges. 
The presiding judge is elected for four years, the asso¬ 
ciates for two years. They are: 

1 . _ 

2 . _ 

3. _ 

Their salary is $_ 

The presiding judge is_ 

The duty of this court is to carry out the laws made 
by the state legislature. 

It attends to all county affairs, authorizes expenditures, 

















County and Township Organization 


15 


provides taxes, constructs county buildings, has charge 
of county poor, opens roads, builds bridges, licenses sa¬ 
loons, gives permits for railroads and telephones, super¬ 
vises elections and selects juries. It is obliged to meet 
at least once in three months. 

Other county officers elected are: 

1. The Clerk of the County Court_paid_ 

annually. 

2. The Circuit Clerk_paid_ 

He is clerk for the Circuit Court, a judicial body. 

In counties of less than 100,000 these offices of Circuit Clerk 
and Recorder of Deeds may be held by one person. 

3. The Recorder of Deeds_paid_ 

He attends to recording all documents required by the state 
laws to be recorded. 

4. The Sheriff_paid_ 

He is entrusted with the preservation of law and order and 
the serving of legal papers. 

5. The Prosecuting Attorney _paid_ 

He prosecutes all violations of the law. 

6. The Assessor _paid_ 

He fixes valuations of property on which taxes are to be 

laid. 

7. The Collector_paid- 

He attends to collection of taxes. 

8. The Coroner_paid- 

He takes charge of any death caused by accident, suicide 
or homicide and calls a jury to affix the blame. 

9. The Treasurer_paid- 

He handles the county money. 

10. The Highway Engineer -paid- 

He plans the roads, bridges and public works. 

11. The County Superintendent of Schools-paid- 

He is responsible for the conduct of the schools. 

12. The Probate Clerk-paid- 

He has charge of wills and other matters relating to estates. 


























16 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


13. The Public Administrator-paid- 

He attends to the estates of those having no other legal 
administrator. 

14. The Constable -paid- 

He is attached to the Justice of the Peace Courts to carry 
out their orders. 

15. The Surveyor-paid- 

He makes official surveys and where there is no Highway 
Engineer performs the duties of that office. 

These officers are elected for four years, except two 
members of the county court, the constable, the prose¬ 
cuting attorney, who are elected for two years. 

The Highway Engineer may be elected for one year 
only. 

School Organization. 

The schools of my county are supported by funds, a 
part of which came originally from the sale of lands 
given to the county by the Federal Government. Besides 
other money raised annually by taxation, the schools re¬ 
ceive money from certain fines and fees. The money is 
apportioned to the schools according to the enrollment 
and the length of the school term. Public education is 
carried on in four different kinds of schools, and there 
are four different descriptions of school districts. 

The school districts are common, consolidated, town 
and city. A common school district is always a rural 
district and is of small size. 

A consolidated district is made up of three or more 
common districts. If too large for the pupils to walk to 
school, when two-thirds of the voters approve, the dis¬ 
trict may furnish free transportation to all children who 
live over one-half mile from the school house. This form 
of co-operation affords much better educational facili¬ 
ties. 

The town school belongs to a fourth class city (see 
page 35). 








Organization of Federal Government 












































































































































































The Federal Government 


33 


Space prevents their enumeration. The student is re¬ 
ferred to Dr. Isidor Loeb’s ‘‘Government in Missouri,” 
The American Book Co., Revised 1916. 

See especially the chapter on Taxation. 

Judicial Branch. 

-v ./■ — • 

The Constitution of the United States provides for a 
system of Federal Courts. All the judges of these Courts 
are appointed by the President, with the approval of the 
Senate, and hold office during good behavior. There are 
no elected judges in Federal Courts. 

Missouri has two great districts, Eastern and Western. 

Each district is again divided. 

The Eastern has three subdivisions, St. Louis and 
Rolla, Hannibal, Cape Girardeau. 

The Western into five, Kansas City, St. Joseph, Jeffer¬ 
son City, Springfield and Joplin. 

The United States Circuit Court of Appeals is an Ap¬ 
pellate Court of last resort for most of the cases properly 
appealed to it, though under certain circumstances cases 
may be taken from it to the United States Supreme 
Court. 

These Circuit Courts of Appeal are nine in number, 
with four judges in each appeals circuit. 

Missouri is in the Eighth Circuit and courts of this 
circuit are held in St. Louis, St. Paul, Minnesota; Denver, 
Colo., and Cheyenne, Wyo. 

The United States Supreme Court. 

Experts in judicial history agree that the Supreme 
Court is the most powerful judicial body in existence in 
the world today. There are nine judges called “Justices,” 
all appointed by the President with the approval of the 
United States Senate. 

One of these Justices is appointed to each Circuit 
Court of Appeals and may act, but owing to press of 
business in the Supreme Court this seldom happens. 


34 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


The Justices of the Supreme Court are at present: 


1. Justice_, from the state of 

_, appointed_ 

2. Justice_, from the state of 

_, appointed_ 

3. Justice_, from the state of 

_, appointed- 

4. Justice_:_, from the state of 

_, appointed_ 

5. Justice_, from the state of 

_, appointed_ 

6. Justice_from the state of 

_, appointed--- 

7. Justice _, from the state of 

_, appointed- 

8. Justice_, from the state of 

_, appointed_ 

9. Justice_, from the state of 

__, appointed_ 


It will readily be seen that by the power of this court 
to make a final decision in the interpretation of the laws 
and of the Constitution, that the personnel of this court 
is the most important single influence on the basic laws 
of the land. 

The compensation of the Chief Justice is $15,000.00, 
and of the Associate Justices $14,500.00. 

Judges of the Appeals Court have $7,000.00, and the 
District Judges $6,000.00. After serving ten years any 
U. S. judge may retire on full salary after reaching 
seventy years of age. 





























CHAPTER V. 

General Remarks on City Government in Missouri. 

Conforming to the practice which obtains both for 
Federal and State Governments, cities also have a writ¬ 
ten statement of their powers and privileges. These are 
not called constitutions but “Charters.” 

These powers and privileges must necessarily be sub¬ 
servient to those exercised by both Federal and State 
Governments and are formally granted to the cities by the 
State Assembly. 

Further developments and definitions of these powers 
are passed by the city itself and are known as City 
Ordinances. 

Cities of Missouri are divided into four classes by the 
state legislature. 

First class cities having a population over 75,000 and 
less than 150,000. 

Second class with population over 30,000 and less than 
75,000. 

Third class with population over 3,000 and less than 
30,000. 

Fourth class with population over 500 and less than 
3,000. 

St. Louis and Kansas City have charters drawn by 
their own representatives and ratified by their voters. 

The list of the largest cities in Missouri follows ac¬ 
cording to the Census estimating population made in 


1916: 

St. Louis_757,309 

Kansas City-297,847 

St. Joseph_ 85,236 

Springfield _ 40,341 

Joplin_33,216 


35 







36 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


Hannibal_21,836 

Sedalia_19,449 

Webb City_13,821 

Jefferson City_13,484 

Moberly_12,752 

Columbia_12,530 


Note: There are about twenty cities of small size pos¬ 
sessed of special charters from the legislature granted 
to them before the bill classifying the cities according 
to population was passed by the legislature. 








CHAPTER VI. 

The City of St. Louis. 

The City of St. Louis has since its separation from the 
county of the same name in 1875 combined the functions 
of both city and county governments, as in addition to 
city officers it also elects many of the officials belonging 
to a county. 

The Charter under which St. Louis now operates was 
adopted June 31, 1914. By this Charter the number of 
elective offices.is greatly reduced and responsibility for 
the conduct of government centered. The offices to be 
filled for the city government are thirty-one in all, the 
Mayor, the President of the Board of Aldermen, the 
Comptroller and twenty-eight Aldermen. These are 
elected at the Municipal election held in the spring, while 
the officers belonging to it as a county are elected at the 
November elections. 

The Municipal elections are held the first Tuesday after 
the first Monday in April every four years. 

The last Municipal election was- 

The powers of the city are in three divisions—Legis¬ 
lative, Administrative and Fiscal. 

The legislative power is in the hands of a Board of 
Aldermen, one from each of the twenty-eight wards. 
These men are nominated in their own wards but elected 
by the city at large. 

The President of the Board is also elected by the city 
at large and is nominated at large also. 

The fiscal affairs are in the hands of the Comptroller, 
who is nominated and elected by the whole city. 


37 



38 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


f'V. 


The Mayor . 

The Mayor of St. Louis is- 

He belongs to the-party. 

Before his election to the mayoralty he has held the following 
offices: 


His salary is $10,000.00 and many minor perquisites. 

He represents the city as its legal head in all contracts 
and financial transactions and also represents it as its 
acknowledged head in every way required. 

He has the veto power. 

The Mayor and every other elected official is subject 
to the Recall. This, however, may not be used during 
the first or last six months of his term. 

For the appointive power of the Mayor see the Chart. 

The Board of Public Service. 

The details of the administrative work are carried on 
by the great Board of Public Service. 

This Board is in five parts, and these parts are again 
subdivided. For an understanding of these, the Chart 
will give the most complete idea. The Chart was pub¬ 
lished in the monthly bulletin of the St. Louis Municipal 
Reference Library for July, 1916, and is copied from it. 

The heads of the five boards are appointed by the 
Mayor and may be removed by him. He is responsible to 
the electorate for their actions. They are supposed to ap¬ 
point their own subordinates under the regulations of 
the Efficiency Board. 

The President of the Board of Public Service is 

His salary is $8,000.00. 

In his office centers the engineering work of the city. 








The City of St. Louis 


39 


By the Charter, he as well as the chiefs of two of the 
subordinate departments, i. e., Streets and Sewers and 
Public Utilities, are obliged to be men of technical train¬ 
ing as engineers and to have had in addition at least ten 
years’ experience in the practice of their profession. 

The Board of Public Service is required to hold stated 
regular meetings in their own office, and the proceedings 
of these meetings must be matters of public record. 

There are four main subdivisions. 

The Department of Public Utilities head is 


His salary is $8,000.00. His concern is the city light¬ 
ing, electrical inspection, erection of municipal buildings, 
municipal power plants, the great and most efficient 
water department and any other public utility which may 
by operated by the city. 

The Department of Streets and Sewers head is 


His salary is $8,000.00. His department has charge 
of the city streets, pavements and alleys, the removal 
and disposal of garbage, construction and repair of sew¬ 
ers, the levees, the harbor and all public markets. 

The Department of Public Safety head is 


His salary is $8,000.00. He supervises the Fire De¬ 
partment, the fire and police telegraph and telephone, 
the inspection of weights and measures, and the build¬ 
ing commission, supervising and licensing all structures 
erected in the city. Also this department supervises the 
construction of all plumbing, inspects boilers and ele¬ 
vators and is responsible for all efforts to abate the Smoke 
Nuisance. When the city is permitted to attain Home Rule 
by the state legislature, this department will be author¬ 
ized to manage the Police Department and the Excise 





40 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


Department also. These departments are at present un¬ 
der the control of boards appointed by the Governor of 
the state and not responsible to the city. 

The Board of Public Welfare head is 


His salary is $8,000.00. He has charge of eight sub¬ 
divisions. 

The Health Department is in charge of 


Salary, $5,000.00. His office is in charge of all sani¬ 
tary ordinances and regulations of the city. In cases of 
epidemic his authority is almost absolute. 

The Hospital Department is in charge of 


Salary, $5,000.00. Conducts all city hospitals and 
sanatoria. 

The Department of Parks and Recreation is in charge 
of 


Salary, $4,000.00. Has all parks, playgrounds and 
swimming pools. Also the Open Air Municipal Theater 
established in Forest Park. 

The Division of Correction will, when established, have 
charge of jails and workhouse, also the Juvenile Court 
and probation system. At date of writing this division 
has not yet been organized but is administered by the 
head of the Department of Public Welfare. 

The Legal Aid Bureau is in charge of 


Salary, $3,000.00. This department is organized to 
protect the poor litigant from oppression. 







St. Louis, Missouri, 


Organization of the Local 


Government 


MUNICIPAL 

EDUCATION The City Organization Under Charter 



ORGANIZATION 


Corresponding to that of a County 



Appointed by 
Governor X 

Board of 
Police 

Commissioners 

4 


Excise 

Commissioner 


Election 

Commissioners 

4 



















































































































































































































































The City of St. Louis 


41 


The Municipal Lodging House has 


for superintendent. It is organized to provide shelter and, 
if possible, employment for homeless men. 

The City Forester 


is in charge of the city's trees. By a recent tree census 
there were over seventy-five thousand of these. 

A Department of Research and Publicity, when pro¬ 
vided for by ordinance, may also be established under the 
Public Welfare Department. This has not yet been done. 

Legal Department. 

The Legal Department of the city is also appointed by 
the Mayor. 

The City Counselor is 


His duty is to act as advisor to the Mayor, the other 
city officials and the Board of Aldermen, and to represent 
the city in all litigation. Salary, $8,000.00. 

The City Marshal is 


He has charge of prisoners brought into the city 
courts, serves their subpoenas and writs. Salary, 
$3,000.00. He has deputies who assist him. 

There are two Municipal Courts which try offenses 
against city ordinances. Salary, $8,000.00. 

City Court No. 1 Judge_ 

City Court No. 2 Judge-- 

The Board of Probation and Parole is made up of 
Judges of City Courts No. 1 and No. 2. 

The Secretary to the Mayor. 

The Chief Probation Officer. 

The Superintendent of the Workhouse. 








42 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


The City Registrar acts as secretary and is custodian 
of bills and city documents generally. 

He is_ 

Salary, $4,000.00. 

Other Boards. 

Besides the Board of Public Service and its subdivi¬ 
sions there are a number of special boards also appointed 
by the Mayor. These boards are: 

The Efficiency Board. The duty of this Board is 

1— To classify employes in public service as to duties 
and as to pay. 

2— To examine applicants for positions. 

3— To certify to the department heads needing em¬ 
ployes the three highest candidates from which the 
head may choose the incumbent. 

The Complaint Board. Its duty is to receive from 
citizens and from officials complaints relative to bad 
service and to refer these complaints to the proper cor¬ 
rective agencies. This Board has proven to be seldom 
used. 

The Board of Children's Guardians provides care for 
neglected and dependent children and for foundlings, 
places neglected children in foster homes and dependent 
children, when possible, in their own homes by sub¬ 
sidizing their mothers. 

The Mullanphy Board administers the large fund ac¬ 
cumulated under the will of Brian Mullanphy. This fund 
is largely expended in immigrant and travelers’ relief. 

The Zoological Park Board administers the municipal 
tax voted in 1916 for the establishment and maintenance 
of a zoological park. 

The St. Louis Art Museum Board is at date of writing 
in charge of the only free public Art Museum in the 
United States which is supported by taxation. 



The City of St. Louis 


43 


The Art Commission is a Board for consultation only. 
It functions in relation to city monuments and buildings. 

The Public Library Board conducts the affairs of the 
Public Library, having a central building and seven 
branches, also many deposit stations. It also circulates 
traveling libraries in neighborhoods, especially in schools. 

Other Boards, whose personnel is made up of city of¬ 
ficials, by reason of their office, are: 

The Board of Standardization. This Board does the 
city’s shopping and consists of the President of the Board 
of Public Service, the Comptroller and the Supply Com¬ 
missioner. They maintain a testing laboratory, furnish 
plans and specifications and establish and maintain 
standards for supplies. The Supply Commissioner does 
the actual purchasing. 

The Board of Estimate and Apportionment consists 
of the Mayor, the Comptroller and the President of the 
Board of Aldermen. 

This Board is required by law to hold open meetings 
before the fiscal year opens in April so that citizens may 
present projects which they consider proper for inclu¬ 
sion in the next year’s budget. 

The Police and Excise Offices are at present under 
state control. 

The affairs of the police are administered by a Board 
of five men. The Mayor of the city is a member and 
the other four are appointed by the Governor, two from 
each of the largest political parties. 

The Board is at present: 


1 . 

2 . 

3. 


4. 


Salary, $1,000.00 annually. 

The number of patrolmen and officers is fixed as to 






44 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


minimum by state law. All the city legally has to do 
with them is to pay the bills. Last year out of a total 


city budget of_the police cost-- 

St. Louis has_policewomen, who are known as 


matrons. They are not sworn in. 
The Excise Commissioner is 


and is in charge of the licensing and administration of 
the saloons in the city. 

The Board of Election Commissioners has charge of 
the conduct of elections in the city. The officials are 
appointed by the Governor. There are four in number, 
no more than two of whom shall be of the same political 
party. The City and State Committees hand to the Gov¬ 
ernor lists of desirable men, though the Governor is un¬ 
der no legal obligation to consider them. These lists 
usually represent the wishes of both State and City Com¬ 
mittees. They are: 

1 . _ 

2 . _ 

3. _ 

4. _ 

Their salary is $3,000.00 per annum, and they hold of¬ 
fice until their successors are appointed. 

The Legislative Department. 

The legislative work of the city which includes all final 
authority relating to appropriations rests in the hands 
of the Board of Aldermen. All its acts are called or¬ 
dinances. The Board consists of a President_, 

salary $_, nominated and elected at large for a 

four-year term, and twenty-eight aldermen. These aider- 
men are nominated one by each of the twenty-eight 












The City of St. Louis 


45 


wards of the city and must be elected by the whole city. 
Salary, $1,800.00 per annum. They are: 

Ward One _ 

Ward Two _ 

Ward Three _ 

Ward Four _ 

Ward Five_ 

Ward Six_ 

Ward Seven _ 

Ward Eight _ 

Ward Nine _ 

Ward Ten _ 

Ward Eleven _ 

Ward Twelve _ 

Ward Thirteen _ 

Ward Fourteen _ 

Ward Fifteen _ 

Ward Sixteen _ 

Ward Seventeen_ 

Ward Eighteen _ 

Ward Nineteen _ 

Ward Twenty _ 

Ward Twenty-One_ 

Ward Twenty-Two _ 

Ward Twenty-Three _ 

Ward Twenty-Four_ 

Ward Twenty-Five _ 

Ward Twenty-Six - 

Ward Twenty-Seven - 

Ward Twenty-Eight _ 






























46 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


Every alderman is elected for four years, but the odd 
numbered wards elect at a different biennial period from 
the even numbered. 

The aldermen pass upon all bills for improvements, 
but these bills must originate with the Board of Public 
Service. They, in general, provide for the welfare of 
the city by suitable legislation. 

I live in the_Ward and am represented by 

The Board of Aldermen hold regular meetings each 
Friday at 4 P. M. 

The Fiscal Department . 

The Fiscal Department is in charge of the Comp¬ 
troller. The Comptroller is at present 

Salary, $8,000.00. 

The Collector is a county official. He is 

His salary is $10,000.00. 

The City Treasurer is 

Salary, $_ 

The Supply Commissioner is 


Salary, $_ 

He does all the buying for the city. 

The Assessor, who superintends the laying of taxes. 
He is 


The Collector is elected by the voters of the city, but 
all the other fiscal officers, except the chief fiscal officer, 











The City of St. Louis 


4? 


the Comptroller, are appointed by the Mayor. All mat¬ 
ters relating to the revenues and expenses of the city 
must come through this office. 

The government of the city of St. Louis cost last year_ 

There was collected _ 

The tax rate for St. Louis is_cents on every one hun¬ 

dred dollars. 

The Bonded Debt is_ 

The Floating Debt is_ 

Last year there was (or was not) a deficit. 

The Municipal Budget for next year is estimated at- 

A careful study of the Chart appended, which is a copy 
of the Chart published by the St. Louis Public Library 
in the Bulletin, July, 1916, will show most graphically 
and simply the relations of all the city officials to the 
voter, with their classifications and authority. 









% 




County and Township Organization 


17 


A city school district belongs to cities of the special, 
first, second or third classes (see page 35). 

There are four kinds of public schools: Common or 
elementary, High, State Normal (five in number), and 
the State University. 

The general supervision of the schools is, by statute, 
in the hands of the State Board of Education, with a 
State Superintendent as president of the Board. The 
other members of the State Board are: 

The Governor of the State, 

The Secretary of State and 

The Attorney-General. 

There are rural and city boards elected for three years 
except in certain cities. 

The school board members for my district are: 


1 . _ 

2 . _ 

3. ___ 

Each county also elects a county superintendent of 
schools. 






18 























































































































CHAPTER III. 

State Government. 

(For Rural and City Voter.) 

Except for certain rights, such as control of foreign 
relations, collection of customs, conduct of postal system, 
etc., which the individual states when ratifying the Fed¬ 
eral Constitution agreed should be given to the custody 
of the Federal Government, the constitution of each state 
is the supreme law within its borders. 

The state constitution, however, cannot interfere with 
any power granted to the Federal Government, nor can 
the Federal Government act in any matter which has 
been left to the regulation of the state. 

The Missouri Constitution was adopted in 1820 and 
has been revised in 1845, 1865, 1875, with no revisions 
since. That this constitution is admittedly outgrown is 
proved by the many amendments offered at each session 
of the state legislature. 

All state powers are divided into three classes—Legis¬ 
lative, Executive and Judicial. 

Legislative Branch. 

The duty of the legislature is to make laws for the 
state, subject to the acceptance of these laws by the 
courts as to their “constitutionality.” The laws when 
passed are also subject under certain conditions to a 
referendum to the voters (see page 22). 

The laws when properly passed by the legislature and 
approved by the Governor are the laws of the state, un¬ 
less declared unconstitutional by the courts or rejected 
by a referendum. 

A county is divided into as many Legislative Districts 
as its population warrants. There is at least one legis- 

19 


I 


20 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


lative representative from each county, and there may 
be more, depending on the number of Legislative Dis¬ 
tricts into which the county is divided, one to each dis¬ 
trict, except in St. Louis, where four districts each elect 
three Representatives, and two districts each elect two 
Representatives. 


My county has_members in the state legislature. 

Or 

My city has_members in the state legislature. 

Their names are _ from - 


Missouri is divided into thirty-four Senatorial Districts, 
each District electing one Senator. 


My county is in the_Senatorial District and my Sen¬ 
ator is - 

My city contains- Senatorial Districts and my Sen¬ 
ators are-from_ 


These Senators and Representatives are elected at a 
biennial election every alternate November. 

There are at present one hundred and forty-two Rep¬ 
resentatives comprising what is known as “The House” 
or House of Representatives, and the thirty-four Sena¬ 
tors comprise what is known as the “Upper House” or 
Senate. The combined bodies are known as the State 
Legislature or the Missouri General Assembly. 

The legislature meets at Jefferson City every odd num¬ 
bered year on the first Wednesday after New Year’s Day 
as its regular session. Special sessions may be called by 
the Governor. Every ten years a session of extra length 
is held known as a “Revising Session.” At this session 
the state statutes are revised. The present revised 
statutes make three large volumes, or over forty-two 
hundred pages. 

Members of each House get five dollars a day for sev- 
en ty days and one dollar a day for all time thereafter, 











State Government 


21 


except in revising sessions, where they receive five dol¬ 
lars a day for one hundred and twenty days. 

In addition mileage is paid and a certain amount of 
money is spent upon clerk hire. The last legislature 
had 201 clerks at a cost of $81,540.00. 

The president pro tern, of the Senate is elected by the 
Senate, but the regular presiding officer is the Lieutenant 
Governor. 

The Speaker of the House is elected by the House from 
its own members. There are 47 committees in the 
House. 

There are 32 committees in the Senate. 

These committees have all proposed bills referred to 
them after their first reading, and in these committees 
the bills’ chances for passage are generally determined. 

How Laws Are Made. 

Any member of either House may introduce a measure 
for passage. This measure is known as a “bill.” Any 
person or group of persons also may do so if a member 
can be found who will introduce it. The bill, after being 
introduced, is ordered printed and sent to the proper 
committee. The committee returns it with or without 
recommendation, or if it chooses may let it “die,” that 
is, remain until disposed of by the closing of the ses¬ 
sion. 

It is placed on the “calendar” and takes its turn in 
coming to a vote. By consent it may be acted upon out 
of its turn. 

If passed by a majority, the bill goes to the other 
House to meet similar proceedings. If amended in the 
second House it must go back to the first to have these 
amendments accepted or rejected. If the amendments are 
rejected the bill goes to a Conference Committee composed 
of members from both Houses. If the Conference Com¬ 
mittee agrees on the measure, its report is usually ac- 


22 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


cepted and the bill duly passed by both Houses. It must 
then be signed by the Governor. Ninety days after the 
adjournment of the legislature must pass before the law 
becomes effective, unless it is passed as an “Emergency 
Measure. ,, Should the Governor veto a bill it goes back 
to the legislature for reconsideration, but may be passed 
by a two-thirds vote over his veto. Should he fail to 
act either favorably or unfavorably, the General As¬ 
sembly may order the bill enrolled as “passed.” 

Initidtive and Referendum . 

Missouri has the Initiative and Referendum. 

The Referendum is, as its name implies, the referring 
back to the electorate (the voters) for its approval or dis¬ 
approval of a law passed by the Assembly. The Refer¬ 
endum may be invoked when five per cent of the voters 
in two-thirds of the Congressional Districts of the state 
do not approve of any law passed by the legislature and 
sign petitions so declaring themselves. The petitions 
must be filed with the Secretary of State within ninety 
days after the adjournment of the legislature. The law 
in question does not then go into effect but at the next 
election must be submitted to the voters. So far four 
measures have been submitted, all failing of passage. 

The Initiative provides for making laws without using 
the legislature. In Missouri the same rules govern the 
Initiative as the Referendum as to the number of sig¬ 
natures to the petitions. 

Initiative petitions must be filed with the Secretary 
of State at least four months before the general election 
at which the question must be submitted. 

So far twelve measures have been submitted. All failed 
of passage. Only about one-half and in some parts of 
the state as low as one-fifth of those voting expressed 
themselves on these measures. 

It is evident that for either the Initiative or the Refer- 


State Government 


23 


endum education is necessary by an impartial publica¬ 
tion of all arguments. This is done in Oregon, and there 
two-thirds of the voters pass on such measures. 


Administrative Branch. 


The Governor of Missouri is 


elected in 


-by the_party. His salary 

is $5,000.00 annually, a furnished residence and other 


perquisites. His term expires_ He 

may not be re-elected for two terms in succession. Al¬ 
though his powers are generally administrative, yet his 
authority to veto a bill makes him an important factor in 
legislation. His veto may be over-ruled, but it takes a 
two-thirds vote of both Houses of the Assembly. He 
may also call special sessions to consider measures of 
importance and may send recommendations to the regular 
session. These are known as “Administration measures/’ 

The Governor has authority to reprieve (postpone 
punishment), commute (reduce punishment) and par¬ 
don (set free). He may also parole (release pending 
good behavior). 

He represents the State in its relation to other States, 
and to the Federal Government. He is Commander-in- 
Chief of the State Militia (five regiments) and may for 
duty inside the State call it out when he thinks it neces¬ 
sary. He may also call on the Federal authority for the 
use of Federal troops. 

He issues commissions to State and County officers 
and appoints the following Boards and officials: 


Agriculture 
Accountancy 
Barbers’ Examiners 
Boards in charge of State Edu¬ 
cational and Charitable Insti¬ 
tutions 

Building and Loan Supervisors 
Beer Inspection 


Capitol Commission 
Charities and Corrections 
Dental Examiners 
Factory Inspection 
Hotel Inspection 
Embalming 
Fish Commission 
Food and Drug Commission 






24 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


Fruit Experiment Station 
Geology and Mines 
Health 

Highway Department 
Horticulture 
Insurance 
Labor Statistics 
Land Reclamation 
Mines and Mine Inspection 
Library Commission 
Military Department 
Nurses’ Examination and Reg¬ 
istration 


Osteopathic Examination and 
Registration 

Petroleum Oils Inspection 

Pharmacy 

Poultry 

Public Service Commission 
State Fair 

State Game and Fish 
State Prison Board 
State Tax 

Veterinary Examiners 
Warehouse Department 


These Boards and offices are unco-ordinated as to rela¬ 


tive importance both as to power and to salaries. Only 
those Boards over whom the Governor has power of re¬ 
moval are responsible to him. 


Executive Officers. 

The other executive officers are: 

The Lieutenant-Governor, _, belonging to 

the_party. His term expires- 

_ His salary is $1,000.00. His duty is to act 

as Governor when the Governor, because of absence, illness or 
any other reason, is incapacitated. He also presides over the 
Senate when that body is in session and for his services receives 
an addition to his salary of $7.00 per day. 

The Secretary of State, _, belonging to 

___party. His salary is $3,000.00 annually and 

he is allowed many clerks to assist him in his duties of keeping 
the journals and other books necessary to state business. He is 
the custodian of the state seal, and all nomination and election 
returns must be filed in his office. He publishes the official manual 
of the state known as the “Blue Book.” It is his business to grant 
charters to corporations, register chauffeurs and motor cars, is 
state land agent and ex-officio member of many boards. 


The State Auditor, -, salary, 

$3,000.00, has the general duties of an auditor. 

The State Treasurer, —--, salary, 


$3,000.00, fulfills the usual duties of a treasurer. He may not be 
re-elected for two consecutive terms. 


The Attorney-General, _, salary, 

$3,000.00, is advisor to the Governor and the Assembly. He con¬ 
ducts all legal proceedings for the state. 











Organization of the State Government 


Missouri, 











































































State Government 


25 


The Superintendent of Schools,_, salary, 

$3,000.00, grants certificates to teachers, and has general charge 
of the schools. 


Judicial Branch. 

Courts are divided into Civil and Criminal divisions 
and are in order of their rank as follows, beginning with 
the lowest: 

1. Justice of the Peace Courts in both city and rural districts. 
Municipal Courts in the cities, with the Court of Criminal 
Correction in St. Louis. 

2. Circuit Courts. 

3. Courts of Appeals. 

4. State Supreme Court. 

There is also in every county and the City of St. Louis 
a Probate Court which has to do with the administration 
of estates and wills, guardianship and curatorship. 

There are thirty-eight judicial circuits in Missouri. 

My county belongs to the - Circuit and the 

Judge of the Circuit is-, elected for six years. 

My city belongs to the_Circuit and the Judges 

of the Circuit are_, elected for six years. 

The Circuit Clerk is__ also elected. 

The Prosecuting Attorney is-- also elected. 

His duty is to give legal advice to the governing body in each 
county known as the County Court, and to look after civil 
cases. His chief duty is the prosecution of all charged with 
violation of the state statutes. 

A Grand Jury of twelve citizens usually meets at the 
time the Circuit Court is held. Violations of law are in¬ 
quired into, and if they decide that certain persons are 
probably guilty of serious crimes, these persons are in¬ 
dicted by the jury. Sometimes the formal charge of 
crime is made by the prosecuting attorney, and is called 
an Information. 

The Courts of Appeals were created to relieve the State 
Supreme Court. There are three such courts in Missouri, 









26 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


sitting respectively in St. Louis, Kansas City and Spring- 
field. The Judges are elected for a term of twelve years. 

The Judges of the Appeals Courts in my Judicial Dis¬ 
tricts are: 

1 . _ 

2 . _ 

3 _ 


State Supreme Court. 

The State Supreme Court has seven Judges elected for 
ten years. These Judges choose from among their num¬ 
ber the Chief Justice. For convenience the Court is di¬ 
vided in two divisions and the Judges also hear cases as 
a whole. In order to relieve the Supreme Court of con¬ 
gestion, four commissioners have been appointed who as¬ 
sist the court. 





CHAPTER IV. 

The Federal Government. 

At first each of the thirteen original states were in¬ 
dependent and had within itself all powers of govern¬ 
ment. 

When by common consent of all the states the Federal 
Constitution was formed these independent and sover¬ 
eign states agreed to the mutual relinquishment of cer¬ 
tain of these powers and gave them over to the newly 
formed Federal Government. 

The Federal Government then has only the powers 
which were at this time given it, and afterwards added to 
by amendments to the Constitution. The Constitution 
may be amended by a resolution proposed by a two-thirds 
vote in each house of Congress, and when passed the 
amendment must be referred to the legislatures of all 
the states for ratification. The Amendments do not be¬ 
come part of the Constitution until ratified by the legis¬ 
latures of three-fourths of the states. 

Divisions of the Federal Government. 

Like the State Government, the Federal Government 
is separated into three parts, Executive, Legislative and 
Judicial. 

Legislative. The National Legislature is called the 
Congress. It consists of two houses, the House of Rep¬ 
resentatives and the Senate. The number of members in 
the House of Representatives is based on the population 
of their districts. The ratio is fixed by Congress once in 
ten years. The general belief is that the ratio will have 
to be greatly enlarged, because the House is becoming 
too unwieldy as the population of the United States in¬ 
creases. 


27 


28 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


The House now consists of four hundred and thirty-five 
members, a body too large efficiently to handle business. 
No matter how small the population of any state might 
be, each state has a right to at least one Representative. 

Missouri has sixteen Representatives elected for two 
years, each from a Congressional District. 

I live in the_Congressional District 

and my Representative is - 

He was elected - 

He is a _ (state party). 

The United States Senate is made up of two Senators 
from each state. The state representation in the Senate, 
therefore, has nothing to do with the size or population 
of the state. 

The two Missouri Senators are: 

1. - from _ 

2. - from _ 

They were elected in _ for a term of six years. 

The Senators are divided into three groups, and the 
terms of all in each group expire at the same time. 

The Vice-President of the United States is the pre¬ 
siding officer of the Senate. 

The sessions of both Houses are held at the Capitol in 
Washington, D. C. The sessions are annual, beginning 
on the first Monday in December. The “Long Session” 
occurs in each odd numbered year and lasts until it is 
adjourned. The “Short Session” lasts only until March 4. 
In the Congress, the committee system is even more im¬ 
portant than in the state legislatures. A place on an 
important committee is a distinct sign of usefulness of 
the incumbent to the party. 











The Federal Government 


29 


My Representative, Congressman _ 
is on the following committees: 


Our Missouri Senators are on the following committees: 

1. Senator_is on 


2. Senator 


is on 


Ordinary bills need for passage in the Congress only 
a majority of the members present, provided there is a 
quorum. 

. .J statd -i 

Legislative. 

The course of a bill through both Houses is directly 
comparable with the procedure in the state legislatures, 
and when passed by both Houses the President has ten 
days in which to sign, or veto it. If he does not sign it, 
it becomes a law without his signature, unless Congress 
by its adjournment prevents its return within ten days. 

Every bill becomes effective as soon as passed and 
signed, unless otherwise provided by the terms of the 
act. 

Executive. 

The President of the United States holds the most im¬ 
portant and most powerful office in the world. 

By the Constitution he is granted powers which exceed 
the powers of any so-called “Constitutional” monarch. 
He is legally elected by electors chosen by the voters. 














30 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


The electors, after being chosen and sworn, meet in their 
respective state capitols on the second Monday in Janu¬ 
ary and cast their ballots for the President and Vice- 
President, already known to be the people’s choice since 
within a day or two after the first Tuesday in Novem¬ 
ber. These ballots of the different state electors are 
sent to Washington and are counted on the second 
Wednesday of February, and the President of the Senate 
formally declares the successful candidates for President 
and Vice-President. 

This is the method prescribed by the Constitution. 
What happens, in addition, is the real election, as fol¬ 
lows: 

National Nominating Conventions. 

The National Nominating Conventions are held 
usually in June or July of the year preceding the No¬ 
vember elections. 

The conventions are made up of delegates from each 
state. Each state is entitled to twice as many delegates* 
as it has Senators and Representatives in the Congress 
of the United States. Each of the several parties holds 
a convention and nominates candidates. Each also draws 
up a statement of its principles called a “Platform.” 

The “Campaign” lasts until election day, which is the 
first Tuesday after the first Monday in November of every 
year divisible by four, and the choice of the candidates 
put forth by the various parties is definitely made, and 
the nation does not have to wait for the formalities car¬ 
ried out by the electors to know who is to be the na¬ 
tional head for the next four years. 

Presidential Term. 

While the term is for four years, a strong man is fre¬ 
quently elected to a second term. The President’s salary 

♦NOTE:—The Republicans in 1914 ch anged this rule in relation to the Re¬ 
publican National Convention. 


The Federal Government 31 

is $75,000.00, an official residence and many minor emolu¬ 
ments. 

The Vice-President is chosen at the same time and in 
the same manner as the President. He receives a salary 
of $12,000.00. His official duty is to preside over the ses¬ 
sions of the Senate. Otherwise he exists mainly to pro¬ 
vide for the succession of the presidency in case of mis¬ 
fortune. 

Powers of the President. 

The powers of the President may be classified: 

Appointment and Removal. 

Influence over Legislation, including the Veto. 

Certain powers in the Conduct of Foreign Affairs. 

Pardoning Power. 

Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy. 

The President appoints every administrative officer ex¬ 
cept the Vice-President. He represents the United 
States in all dealings with foreign powers. 

His is Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy, 
though Congress can curb or sustain him by refusing 
or granting funds for the maintenance of the forces he 
commands. 

Given these funds, he is, during war, supreme in power, 
except as limited by the Constitution. 

The President has great weight in legislation. He 
writes and lately personally reads the messages written 
to Congress, thus greatly inspiring and influencing legis¬ 
lation. 

He may call extra sessions and may veto bills which 
Congress has passed, although in turn these bills may 
again be passed over his veto by an antagonistic Con¬ 
gress; but require a two-thirds majority. 

He has power to reprieve, commute and pardon. 

The Cabinet. 

In order that the one man who at one time has to 
fulfill all these various responsibilities may properly do 


32 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


so, he is given needed assistance. No such assistance is 
legally provided by the Constitution, yet the President 
is granted power to appoint what is known as his “Cabi¬ 
net.” These cabinet members must be approved by the 
Senate. Each cabinet officer is supposed, in his particu¬ 
lar department, to be the substitute and personal repre¬ 
sentative of the Chief Executive, although the President 
is under no legal obligation to follow their advice. 

These “Secretaries” or Cabinet heads are: 

Secretary of State _ 

Secretary of the Treasury _ 

Secretary of War _ 

Secretary of the Navy_ 

Secretary of Agriculture_ 

Secretary of Commerce - 

Secretary of Labor - 

Secretary of the Interior_ 

The Attorney-General- 

The Postmaster-General_ 

The salary of each of these officials is $12,000.00. 

There are, of course, numerous Assistant Secretaries, 
and each department is variously subdivided into Bureaus 
and Offices. 

Each is again split into Divisions. 

Bureau Heads are called Commissioners and Division 
Heads are Chiefs. 

As the business of the Government increased new de¬ 
partments have been added and fitted in to such of the 
main departments as could most conveniently be ar¬ 
ranged to receive them, consequently the subdivisions do 
not always appear most closely related to the main de¬ 
partments. 












CHAPTER VII. 
Kansas City. 


Kansas City is classified as a “special city” and in 
1889 was granted by the legislature the right to make 
its own charter. The present charter was adopted in 


1908. 

Its elected officials are: 

Mayor-, salary, $5,000.00. 

Comptroller _, salary, $4,000.00. 

Treasurer- , salary, $4,000.00. 

Judge of Municipal Court No. 1_, salary, $2,250.00. 

Judge of Municipal Court No. 2_, salary, $2,250.00. 


The voters also elect the two Houses of Council, as 
the Legislative Department is called. 

The Upper House consists of sixteen members, elected 
by the city at large every even numbered year for a term 
of four years. One of them is known as the President 
of the Upper House. They are: 


1. President_ 9. 

2 . _ 10 . 

3. _ 11. 

4. 12. 

6. 13. 

6. _ 14. 

7. _ 15. 

8. _ 16. 


They are all paid $300.00 per year. 

Their regular meeting is held--• 

The Lower House of Council consists also of sixteen 


49 
























50 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


members, one from each ward, elected from their wards 
for a two-year term. Their presiding officer is called 
the Speaker of the Lower House. They are: 


Speaker__ from ward 

1. _ 9. - 

2 . _ 10 . - 

3. _ 11. - 

4 . _ 12 . - 

5. _ 13. - 

6. _ 14. - 


7. _ 15. _ 

8. _ 16. _ 

The Mayor is elected every two years. 

The Mayor appoints the City Counselor. 

City Counselor_, salary, $5,000.00. 

Secretary to the Mayor_, salary, $1,800.00. 

The Mayor also appoints: 


City Assessor-, salary, $3,000.00. 

City Auditor -, salary, $3,000.00. 

City Purchasing Agent-, salary, $3,000.00. 

These three officials must have their appointments con¬ 
firmed by the Upper House of Council. 

The Upper and Lower Houses of Council appoint the 
City Clerk. 

City Clerk-, salary, $3,000.00. 

The following offices are under civil service: 


Commissioner of Street Cleaning-, salary, $3,000.00. 

Supt. of Buildings-, salary, $2,000.00. 

Assessor and Collector of Water Rates_, salary, $2,500.00. 

City Electrician -, salary, $1,800.00. 






























Kansas City 


51 


Gas Inspector-- salary, $1,800.00. 

License Inspector -, salary, $1,500.00. 

Inspector Weights and Measures_, salary, $1,200.00. 

Inspector of Elevators-, salary, $1,200.00. 

Market Master -- salary, $2,100.00. 

Mechanical Engineer -, salary, $2,100.00. 

Boiler Inspector -, salary, $1,500.00. 

City Forester -, salary, $1,500.00. 

Food and Dairy Inspector-, salary, $2,400.00. 

Sanitary Inspector -, salary, $1,200.00. 

Chief of Fire Department_, salary, $3,200.00. 

% 

City Engineer -, salary, $4,000.00. 

Supt. of Parks-, salary, $3,600.00. 

The Board of Public Works consists of three members, 
appointed by the Mayor and confirmed by the Upper 
House. They elect their own president. 

1. President-, salary, $1,500.00. 

2. salary, $1,000.00. 

3. salary, $1,000.00. 

The Board of Fire and Water Commissioners is also 
appointed by the Mayor and confirmed by the Upper 
House. They are three. 

1. President_, salary, $1,500.00. 

2. salary, $1,000.00. 

3. salary, $1,000.00. 

The Board of Election Commissioners is appointed by 
the Governor for a term of three years, each has a salary 
of $2,500.00, of which one-half is paid by the city and 
one-half by the county, for Kansas City is a part of 
Jackson County. 

The Governor appoints one as Chairman and one as 





















52 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


Secretary, and it is provided that these two shall not 
belong to the same political party. The four are chosen, 
two each, from a list of names submitted to the Governor 
by the State Committees of the two leading political 
parties. 

There is a Board of Park Commissioners (unsalaried), 
appointed by the Mayor. They are: 

1. - 

2 . _ 

3. _ 

They appoint a Landscape Architect_ 

Salary, $3,000.00. Secretary - Sal¬ 

ary, $1,800.00. 

The Hospital and Health Board is also appointed by 
the Mayor and is unsalaried. They are: 

1. - 

2 . _ 

3. _ 

The Board of Public Welfare, three unsalaried mem¬ 
bers, appointed by the Mayor. 

1. _ 

2 . _ 

3. _ 

The Board of Police Commissioners, of which the 
Mayor, the Mayor’s secretary and Excise Clerks are ex- 
officio members. In addition, there are two members 
appointed by the Governor. 













CHAPTER VIII. 

The City of St. Joseph. 

St. Joseph is a city of the “first class” and has the 
right to own property for parks, cemeteries, waterworks, 
gas, heat and light plants, hospitals and workhouses. 

The following officers are elected biennially, the first 
Tuesday after the first Monday in April, and hold office 
for two years: 

Mayor -, $3,600.00. 

Treasurer -'_, $2,400.00. 

Auditor -, $2,400.00. 

Police Judge -, $1,500.00. 

The Mayor fulfills the usual duties of the office and 

has the veto power, but the Common Council may pass 

a bill over his veto by a four-fifths majority. In the 
absence or disability of the Mayor, the President of the 
Council acts in his stead. 

The Mayor appoints the following officers: 

City Counselor - $3,600.00. 

His duty is to act as legal advisor to the Mayor, the Council 
and any city official. 

Comptroller- $2,400.00. 

He is general supervisor of the revenues and appropriations 
and has charge of all financial policies. 

Assessor_ $2,100.00. 

He performs the usual duties. 

Chief of Fire Department (under civil service)-, $2,400.00. 

Inspectors of Building and Plumbing-- $1,800.00 each. 

Weighmaster, Marketmaster, Superintendent of Work- 
house and Manager of the Dog Pound are also appointed 
by the Mayor. 


53 











54 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


The Public Works of St. Joseph are in the hands of a 
Board, also appointed by the Mayor. The three members 
are: 

1. President_, $1,800.00. 

2 . _, $ 1 , 000 . 00 . 

3. _, $1,000.00. 

The Mayor also appoints the Board of Park Commis¬ 

sioners, three in all, who serve without salary. Also the 
Board of the Public Library, seven. Also unsalaried. 

The Welfare Board is made up of eight members and 
is unsalaried. Three are appointed by the Mayor. Three 
by the County Court. The Mayor and the Judge of the 
County Court act ex-officio. 

Three Police Commissioners are appointed by the Gov¬ 
ernor and they appoint the police, but the amount of 
revenue spent for this department must not exceed one- 
sixth. 

The legislative body of the city is the Common 
Council. There are five members: 

1. President_ 

2 . _ 

3. _ 

4. _ 

5. _ 

They elect their own president. 

Their annual meeting is the third Monday in April 
and the regular meeting occurs on the first Monday in 
the month. The Mayor may call special meetings. 

They appoint the City Clerk_$1,800.00. 

They are paid ten dollars for each meeting attended, 











The City of St. Joseph 


55 


but the number of meetings in the year is limited to 
thirty, for which compensation may be given. 

They are elected at large. A majority makes a quorum 
and they may compel attendance of absent members. 
Their sessions are obliged to be public, with no secret 
ballots, and a journal must be kept of their proceedings. 
The president must sign all bills in open session. 

If the Mayor wishes to remit fines, the consent of the 
Council is necessary, and they may reject his appointees 
by a four-fifths majority. They are elected for four 
years. 

The police judge is in charge of the city court, where 
all offenders against city ordinances are tried. 


< < ( 


CHAPTER IX. 

The City of Springfield. 

In 1913 the Missouri legislature adopted the plan of 
putting all the cities of the second class in Missouri un¬ 
der the Commission form of government. It was also 
made possible for cities of the third class, should they 
so choose. 

The object of the change was to do away with the in¬ 
fluence of party politics in city elections, to center re¬ 
sponsibility and to simplify elections. 

The government is in the hands of a commission of 
five, one of whom is the Mayor, who is the head of the 
Department of Safety and Public Affairs. 

The Mayor is_, $200.00 per month. 

9 

The other Commissioners are: 

Revenue _ 

Health and Sanitation_ 

Streets and Public Improvements- 

Public Property and Public Utilities_ 

All have $150.00 per month. 

There is a Park Board, unsalaried, of nine: 


1 . 


6 . 


3. 


7. 

8 . 


4. 


9. 



57 
















58 An Aid to the Woman Voter 

There is an unsalaried Public Library Board, 
nine: 

1. _ 6. - 

2. _ 7. - 

3. _ 8. - 

4. _ 9. _ 

5. _ 


Each Commissioner appoints the subordinates 
department and is responsible for their actions. 


Department of Revenue has 

Auditor _, at $145.00 per 

License Inspector_, at $100.00 per 

Teller _, at $ 85.00 per 

Health and Sanitation has 

City Physician -, at $ 65.00 per 

City Physician -, at $ 65.00 per 

Sanitary Inspector -, at $140.00 per 

Food Inspector -, at $110.00 per 

Streets and Public Improvements has 

City Engineer-, $126.67 per 

Field Engineer_, $ 90.00 per 

Supt. of Streets_, $110.00 per 

Assistant Superintendent -, $ 85.00 per 

Public Property and Public Utilities has 

Sexton _, $ 85.00 per 

Building Inspector-, $105.00 per 

Supt. of Charities_, $ 75.00 per 


also 


of his 


month. 

month. 

month. 

month. 

month. 

month. 

month. 

month. 

month. 

month. 

month. 

month. 

month. 

month. 

























The City of Springfield 


59 


Beside the five Commissioners and their departments 
there are: 

Municipal Judge _, $125.00 per month. 

He has charge of the Municipal Court to try all violations of 
city ordinances. 

City Clerk_, $133.33 per month. 

He fulfills the usual duties of a clerk. 

Assistant City Clerk_, $100.00 per month. 

Plumbing Inspector_, $110.00 per month. 

Electrical Inspector_, $110.00 per month. 

They have charge of all such work in the city. 

There is also an unsalaried board of nine members in 
charge of the Children’s Home. 







CHAPTER X. 

City of Joplin. 

Joplin, being a city of the second class, was put under 
the Commission form of government following the act of 
the legislature of 1913. 

There are five Commissioners, one of whom is the 
Mayor. The Mayor is ex-officio head of the 

Safety and Public Affairs. The others are: 

Revenue, 

Health and Sanitation, 

Streets and Public Improvements, 

Public Properties and Public Utilities. 

The Mayor is-- $200.00 per month. 

Under his care are the 
Police Department, 

Fire Department. 

The Mayor represents the city as its official head. 


Revenue Commissioner is_, $150.00 per month. 

Auditor-, $150.00 per month. 

Health and Sanitation _, $150.00 per month. 

City Physician _, $100.00 per month. 

Food and Milk Inspector_, $ 90.00 per month. 

Streets and Public Improvements_, $150.00 per month. 

City Engineer _, $150.00 per month. 

Field Engineer__ $100.00 per month. 

Supt. of Streets__ $110.00 per month. 

Assistant __ $ 85.00 per month. 

Public Property and Public Utilities-, $150.00 per month. 

Sexton _, $100.00 per month. 

Market Master __ $ 75.00 per month. 


01 
















62 


An Aid to the Woman Voter 


There is a Park Board of nine unsalaried members: 


1 . 

2 . 

3. 

4. 

5. 


6 . 

7. 

8 . 
9. 


The Public Library Board is also of nine unsalaried 
members. 

1 . - 6 . _ 

2. - 7. _ 

3. -- 8. -- 

4. - 9. _ 

5. _ 

For responsibilities and powers of Commissioners see 
Springfield. 

There is also an unsalaried Children’s Home Board of 
nine members. 


















































































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